Key Factors to Consider When Opening a Sauna Facility

1. Location and Purpose:

• Indoor or Outdoor: The location of your sauna will determine various factors, such as accessibility to plumbing, ventilation requirements, and local regulations. Indoor saunas typically require a connection to existing plumbing for showering facilities, while outdoor saunas might necessitate different solutions for water drainage and access.
• Target Audience and Usage: Consider who your target audience is and how they intend to use the sauna. Will it be a private facility for personal use, a commercial space for public use, or a combination of both? Different usage patterns will affect the size, design, and amenities you prioritize.
• Local Regulations and Safety Distances: Adhering to local building codes and fire safety regulations is essential. Outdoor saunas, especially wood-burning ones, may have specific requirements for distance from other structures.

2. Sauna Design and Capacity:

• Size and Capacity: The size of your sauna should be determined by the intended number of users. Consider factors like average group sizes, peak hours, and the potential for future expansion. We suggest that a well-designed sauna can add value to a property, so even if starting small, plan with a long-term vision.
• Layout and Benches: Traditional Finnish saunas often have benches arranged in an L-shape or U-shape around the heater. Ensure benches are at various heights to accommodate different preferences for heat intensity. Check the bench height in relation to the heater for optimal steam circulation (the “law of the steam”).
• Materials: Try using natural materials for an authentic Finnish sauna experience. Wood, particularly heat-resistant types like spruce, aspen, or alder, is preferred for benches, walls, and ceilings. The use of stone is essential for the heater, and certain types are favored for their heat retention and the quality of steam they produce.
• Professional Assistance: Consulting with experienced sauna designers and builders is crucial, especially if you are not familiar with the technical aspects. They can ensure the sauna is built to code, meets safety standards, and delivers an authentic Finnish sauna experience.

3. The Heater – The Heart of the Sauna:

• Heating Method: Choose between electric, wood-burning, or gas heaters, each with its own advantages and challenges. Electric heaters are generally easier to install and control, while wood-burning stoves offer a more traditional experience but require more maintenance and adherence to fire safety regulations.
• Stove Size and Power: The heater’s size and power should be proportional to the sauna’s cubic volume to ensure sufficient heat. An underpowered heater will struggle to reach the desired temperatures, while an overpowered one may create an uncomfortable, uneven heat.
• Safety Distances: Both electric and wood-burning heaters have specific safety distance requirements from benches, walls, and other flammable materials. Ensure your design complies with these standards for user safety.

4. Essential Elements for Authenticity:

• Steam (Löyly): The quality of steam, or löyly, is fundamental to the Finnish sauna experience. This is influenced by factors like the type of stones used in the heater, the heater’s design, and how water is poured onto the stones. Educate yourself on the different types of sauna stones and their properties, as they can significantly impact the steam’s heat, aroma, and perceived softness.
• Ventilation and Air Quality: Proper ventilation is crucial for a comfortable and enjoyable sauna experience. It ensures a steady supply of fresh air, prevents the buildup of excessive heat or humidity, and allows the sauna to dry properly after use. Inadequate ventilation can lead to a stuffy atmosphere, unpleasant odors, and potential health hazards.
• Lighting: We recommend soft, diffused lighting that mimics natural light to create a relaxing ambiance. Avoid harsh, bright lighting, as it can be jarring and detract from the calming experience. Consider using warm-toned LED lights or even candles (placed safely) to achieve the desired effect.

5. Enhancing the Multi-Sensory Experience:

• Natural Aromas: Scent is a significant part of a multi-sensory experience. Incorporate natural aromas into your sauna through the use of specific wood types for benches and walls, or by offering natural scents to add to the steam water, such as birch, pine, or eucalyptus.
• Sound Design: If your sauna is in a natural setting, maximize the benefits of natural sounds by incorporating windows or even outdoor seating areas where bathers can relax and connect with the environment. In urban settings, consider using subtle nature soundscapes or calming music in relaxation areas to create a tranquil atmosphere.
• Tactile Elements: Offer a variety of tactile experiences, such as different wood textures for benches, textured stones for massage, or even cold plunge pools or showers to provide a stark temperature contrast.

6. Cleanliness and Safety:

• Hygiene Protocols: Establish and maintain strict hygiene protocols to ensure the sauna and related facilities are always clean and sanitary. This includes regular cleaning of benches, floors, showers, and especially high-touch surfaces. We would like to emphasize that cleanliness is paramount for both user comfort and safety.
• Safety Features: Prioritize safety by incorporating features like non-slip flooring in wet areas, handrails for benches, and clear signage. Ensure adequate lighting in all areas to prevent accidents. Provide clear instructions for sauna use, especially for first-time users, and consider offering guidance on safe sauna practices to minimize risks.

7. Additional Services and Amenities:

• Enhancing the Experience: Consider offering additional services and amenities to enhance the overall experience. These might include providing towels, bathrobes, slippers, and toiletries. You could also offer refreshments like water, tea, or traditional Finnish drinks.
• Creating a Sauna Journey: Think about creating a “sauna journey” for your guests, encompassing the entire experience from pre-sauna relaxation to post-sauna cool-down. Designate separate areas for changing, showering, and relaxing. This holistic approach can significantly elevate the perceived value of your sauna facility.

8. Sustainability and Responsibility:

• Eco-Friendly Practices: Incorporate sustainable practices into your sauna facility’s design and operations. Use energy-efficient heaters, choose sustainably sourced wood, and implement water-saving measures. Consider using biodegradable cleaning products and offering reusable or compostable options for amenities like cups and towels.
• Accessibility: Design your sauna facility with accessibility in mind to accommodate people with disabilities. Incorporate features like ramps, wider doorways, grab bars, and shower seats to make the space usable for everyone.
• Social Responsibility: Promote a welcoming and inclusive environment for all genders, ages, and backgrounds. Train staff to be knowledgeable about sauna etiquette and cultural sensitivity to ensure a positive experience for everyone.

By carefully considering these factors, you can increase the likelihood of creating a successful and authentic Finnish sauna facility that caters to the needs and expectations of your target audience. Remember, a well-designed sauna facility is more than just a place to sweat; it’s an immersive experience that promotes relaxation, well-being, and a connection with Finnish culture and tradition.